Adult onset diabetes, also known as Type 2 diabetes, is normally diagnosed in adults over the age of 45. However, it can begin at any age, and the increase of Type 2 diabetes in children has alarmed many health care officials. Unlike juvenile onset diabetes, Type 2 diabetes seldom requires insulin injections. Instead, it is normally managed through a program of diet, exercise, and, if needed, oral medications.

At present, diabetes can only be managed, not cured. It occurs when the body either fails to secrete insulin or when it cannot manage the insulin produced. Insulin eliminates glucose from the blood and stores it in special cells, where it can be burned for energy. If it is allowed to build up in the blood, the liver and kidneys can be damaged. A feeling of being tired all the time can also be present, since the body cannot burn sugar for energy.

Some diabetics may have no symptoms whatsoever, while many fail to recognize their symptoms as warning signs of diabetes. These warning signs include weight loss and numbness or burning of the extremities. Excessive thirst or hunger, blurred vision, and waking up to urinate (and going more often during the day) may also signal the onset of diabetes.

Diabetes can cause severe damage to the nerves, and proper foot care is essential for diabetics. Furthermore, diabetes raises the likelihood of circulatory diseases such as stroke, atherosclerosis, and cardiac failure. Studies have also raised the possibility that it may be linked to Alzheimer's.

Type 2 diabetes is most common in people who are overweight and lead a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, people with the condition, or those who at risk of developing it, should maintain a healthy weight. Exercise is also beneficial, as it lowers blood sugar levels.

Diet is crucial to controlling diabetes. Patients should schedule meals at approximately the same time each day. Meals should not vary substantially in terms of quantity and foods. A healthy diet, with a good balance of carbohydrates and proteins, should be followed daily.

A good diet for diabetics does not have to be an economic hardship. Many of the recommended foods carry a lower cost than most. Green leaf vegetables, such as spinach, are excellent, as are beans and oatmeal. Sweet potatoes, citrus, and tomatoes are also good choices for a diabetic diet. Since diabetes can worsen osteoporosis, dairy should be included, but only the non-fat varieties. And while sugar does not have to be avoided altogether, it should be reserved for a special treat. In addition, sweets should be planned for ahead of time through reducing the carbohydrates in the accompanying meal.

Controlling diabetes involves a partnership between the patient and his or her physician. By making the lifestyle changes needed, the symptoms can be controlled and potential complications avoided.